ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is a mental health condition that affects children and adolescents who are unable to concentrate and are hyperactive. It is a condition that affects boys more than girls. The symptoms of ADHD in children are diagnosed when they are between the ages of three and seven. However, ADHD symptoms continue into adolescence and adulthood and are diagnosed much later in life.

ADHD has many symptoms or behaviours associated with it. Children who do not have ADHD may also have many of the behavioural symptoms usually associated with children who have ADHD. However, it may be ADHD when such behaviours are more pronounced compared to children of the same age group and are affecting the child’s everyday social life and education. If you suspect that your child has ADHD it is important you seek the advice a health professional so that treatment for the condition can start early.

Inattentiveness

• a very short attention span,
• being very easily distracted,
• being unable to stick at tasks that are tedious, or time consuming,
• being unable to listen to, or carry out, instructions,
• being unable to concentrate, and
• constantly changing activity, or task.

Hyperactivity

• being unable to sit still, especially in calm or quiet surroundings,
• constantly fidgeting,
• being unable to settle to tasks, and
• excessive physical movement.

Impulsiveness

• being unable to wait for a turn,
• acting without thinking,
• breaking any set rules, and
• little or no sense of danger.

If your child has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, their symptoms usually become noticeable at around the age of five. ADHD can cause many problems in your child’s life, and can often lead to underachievement at school, poor social interaction with other children and adults, and problems with discipline.

Although it is not always the case, your child may also have other problems, or conditions alongside ADHD. These are detailed below.

Anxiety disorder

Some children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, may have an anxiety disorder which causes them to worry and to be nervous much of the time. Your child may also have physical symptoms, such as a rapid heartbeat, sweating and dizziness.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is defined by negative and disruptive behaviour, particularly towards authority figures, such as parents and teachers. It is common among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD.

Conduct disorder

Children who have conduct disorder have a tendency towards highly antisocial behaviour, such as stealing, fighting, vandalism, and harming people and animals. If your child is behaving in this way, you should seek professional help as soon as possible.

Depression

It is possible for children who have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, to become depressed as a result of their condition.

Sleep problems

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, who are very hyperactive, may find it difficult to settle to sleep at night, and may experience irregular sleeping patterns.

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a condition of the brain which causes seizures.

Tourette’s syndrome

Tourette’s syndrome is a condition of the central nervous system that causes involuntary movements and sounds.

Learning difficulties, such as dyslexia

It is thought that up to 35% of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), also have learning difficulties. However, it is important to remember that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), has no effect on intelligence.

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